Ma polyurethanes amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamankhwala monga khungu lopangira, zogona zakuchipatala, machubu a dialysis, zida za pacemaker, ma catheters, ndi zokutira zopangira opaleshoni.Ma biocompatibility, makina amakina, komanso kutsika mtengo ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma polyurethanes apambane pazachipatala.

Kukula kwa implants nthawi zambiri kumafuna zambiri zamagulu a biobased, chifukwa thupi limawakana pang'ono.Pankhani ya polyurethanes, biocomponent imatha kusiyana ndi 30 mpaka 70%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa ntchito m'malo otere.2).Ma biobased polyurethanes akuchulutsa msika wawo ndipo akuyembekezeka kufika pafupifupi $42 miliyoni pofika 2022, yomwe ndi gawo lochepa kwambiri pamsika wonse wa polyurethane (osakwana 0.1%).Ngakhale zili choncho, ndi gawo lopatsa chiyembekezo, ndipo kafukufuku wakuya akupitilira okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri zamtundu wa polyurethanes.Kuwongolera ndikofunikira muzinthu za biobased polyurethanes kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe zilipo kale, kuti akweze ndalama.

Biobased crystalline polyurethane idapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito PCL, HMDI, ndi madzi omwe adasewera ngati tcheni extender (33).Mayeso owononga adachitidwa kuti aphunzire kukhazikika kwa biopolyurethane m'madzi am'thupi oyerekeza, monga phosphate-buffered saline solution.Zosintha

mu matenthedwe, makina, ndi katundu wakuthupi adawunikidwa ndikuyerekeza ndi zofanana

polyurethane yopezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ethylene glycol ngati unyolo extender m'malo mwa madzi.Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti polyurethane yomwe idapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati chain extender idapereka zinthu zabwinoko pakapita nthawi poyerekeza ndi petrochemical yake.Izi sizingochepa kwambiri

mtengo wa ndondomekoyi, koma umaperekanso njira yosavuta yopezera zipangizo zachipatala zomwe zili zoyenera kugwirizanitsa endoprostheses (33).Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi njira ina yozikidwa pa lingaliro limeneli, lomwe linapanga biopolyurethane urea pogwiritsa ntchito rapeseed oil-based polyol, PCL,HMDI, ndi madzi monga chain extender (6).Kuti awonjezere kumtunda, sodium chlorine idagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo porosity ya ma polima okonzeka.Polima wopangidwayo adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati scaffold chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake opangira ma cell kuti apangitse kukula kwa fupa.Ndi zotsatira zofanana poyerekeza

ku chitsanzo cham'mbuyomu, polyurethane yomwe idawonetsedwa ndi madzi amthupi oyeserera idapereka kukhazikika kwapamwamba, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito scaffold.Ma polyurethane ionomers ndi gulu lina losangalatsa la ma polima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga biomedical, chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwawo ndi kuyanjana koyenera ndi chilengedwe.Polyurethane ionomers angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chubu zigawo za pacemakers ndi hemodialysis (34, 35).

Kupanga njira yabwino yoperekera mankhwala ndi gawo lofunikira lofufuzira lomwe pakadali pano likuyang'ana njira zothanirana ndi khansa.Nanoparticle ya amphiphilic ya polyurethane yochokera ku L-lysine idakonzedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito popereka mankhwala (36).Nanocarrier uyu

inali yodzaza bwino ndi doxorubicin, yomwe ndi mankhwala othandizira ma cell a khansa (Chithunzi 16).Magawo a hydrophobic a polyurethane adalumikizana ndi mankhwalawa, ndipo magawo a hydrophilic adalumikizana ndi maselo.Dongosololi lidapanga chipolopolo chapakati kudzera pakudziphatikiza

makina ndipo adatha kupereka mankhwala moyenera kudzera munjira ziwiri.Choyamba, kuyankha kwamafuta a nanoparticle kunachita ngati choyambitsa kutulutsa mankhwalawa pa kutentha kwa cell ya khansa (~ 41-43 ° C), yomwe ndi yankho la extracellular.Chachiwiri, zigawo za aliphatic za polyurethane zinavutika

enzymatic biodegradation ndi zochita za lysosomes, kulola doxorubicin kutulutsidwa mkati mwa cell ya khansa;uku ndikuyankha kwa intracellular.Oposa 90% ya maselo a khansa ya m'mawere adaphedwa, pomwe cytotoxicity yotsika idasungidwa kwa maselo athanzi.

Chithunzi 16. Chiwembu chonse cha dongosolo loperekera mankhwala kutengera amphiphilic polyurethane nanoparticle

kulunjika ma cell a khansa. Kupangidwanso ndi chilolezo chochokera kuzinthu(36).Copyright 2019 American Chemical

Gulu.

Declaration:Nkhaniyi yatengedwa kuchokeraChiyambi cha Polyurethane ChemistryFelipe M. de Souza, 1 Pawan K. Kahol, 2 ndi Ram K.Gupta *,1.Pokhapokha kuyankhulana ndi kuphunzira, osachita zina zamalonda, sikuyimira maganizo ndi malingaliro a kampani, ngati mukufuna kusindikizanso, chonde funsani wolembayo woyambirira, ngati pali kuphwanya, chonde tilankhule nafe nthawi yomweyo kuti tichite kukonza.